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我国科学家首次证实：昆虫超声波通讯 1.65 亿年前已出现_我的网站

一 |     (ECNS) — From artificial intelligence reshaping the workplace to the rapid growth of industries such as integrated circuits, aerospace and biomedicine, Chinese students studying abroad are facing an increasingly diverse set of choices about what comes after graduation — and where they want to build their future.    Those questions were at the center of a recent gathering of representatives from Chinese student associations at overseas universities, held at the headquarters of the Western Returned Scholars Association (WRSA) in Beijing. Discussions ranged from career opportunities in China to the role students can play in fostering greater understanding across cultures.    One practical question ran throughout the event: How can young people with international experience make the most of new opportunities emerging in China?    Xu Chen, executive director for campus and international business at Zhaopin.com, described the changing workplace as moving from a “human-driven” model toward “human-AI collaboration” and, increasingly, an “AI-driven” one.    Artificial intelligence is not simply changing existing jobs, he said. It is also reshaping the skills employers value, making the ability to work effectively with AI and apply professional expertise to real-world problems increasingly important.    China’s changing industrial landscape is opening up new possibilities as well. Xu pointed to integrated circuits, aerospace, biomedicine, high-end equipment manufacturing, industrial software and intelligent connected vehicles as areas offering strong prospects. Emerging fields such as quantum technology, biomanufacturing, hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion could create further opportunities.    For Chinese students studying abroad, these trends are creating new links between the skills and perspectives they acquire overseas and the needs of fast-growing industries in China.    But careers were only part of the conversation. Another recurring theme was how students living and studying overseas can help bridge cultural gaps through everyday interaction.    At a roundtable on cross-cultural communication, returned graduates and representatives of Chinese student associations discussed how students can help their international peers gain a more nuanced understanding of China.    Representatives from student organizations in six countries also shared experiences of campus life, community-building and exchanges with local students and communities.    Sun Xinglun, vice president of the Association of Chinese Students and Scholars at Yale, said meaningful communication does not always require grand narratives. A celebration of a Chinese festival, a campus cultural event or even an everyday conversation with a classmate can provide a window into China.    Rather than simply explaining China to others, students can begin with subjects their peers are genuinely interested in and draw on their own experiences of studying and living abroad. Such personal exchanges can make cross-cultural communication more natural and relatable.    Chinese student associations are also taking on broader roles on overseas campuses. Beyond helping new arrivals adjust to university life, many organize academic events, career programs, cultural activities and community initiatives that bring Chinese students into closer contact with their universities and local communities.    In doing so, students are not simply participants in campus life. Their experience of moving between languages, social environments and cultural perspectives can put them in a unique position to connect people who might otherwise have few opportunities to interact.    For many participants, studying abroad is therefore about more than earning a degree. It is also about learning how different societies work, understanding different ways of thinking and becoming comfortable communicating across cultural boundaries.    Whether they eventually return to China or continue their studies and careers overseas, those experiences can become an asset in an increasingly interconnected world.    The program also included sharing sessions on overseas study experiences and employment trends for graduates returning to China. Participants later visited an exhibition tracing the more than century-long history of the Western Returned Scholars Association and the experiences of generations of Chinese who studied overseas before returning to contribute to the country’s development.                    。     8 月 26 日消息，据新华社今日报道，首都师范大学生命科学学院昆虫演化与环境变迁教育部创新团队联合国内外多个科研团队，通过对内蒙古宁城县道虎沟地区侏罗纪时期化石螽斯的研究，首次证实昆虫超声波通讯在距今 1.65 亿年前的中侏罗世已经出现。相关研究成果于 2026 年 8 月 26 日在线发表于《美国科学院院刊》（PNAS）。研究团队选取了燕辽生物群中 9 种、20 件雄性螽斯前翅标本，与现仅分布在四川的螽斯孑遗类群长生铁鸣螽进行对照研究。团队搭建了“化石翅形态 — 翅共振模拟 — 音节重构 — 鸣声时序预测”的古动物声学重建流程，用以复原远古昆虫完整鸣声的声学特征。论文共同通讯作者、首都师范大学教授任东介绍，9 种化石螽斯的鸣声频率覆盖 5kHz 至 20.5kHz 区间，其中 5 个物种为 5kHz 至 7kHz 的低频纯音，其余 4 个物种分布于 8kHz 至 20.5kHz 的中高频区间。化石物种奇异曲阿博鸣螽的载波频率可达 20.5kHz，证实中侏罗世已存在真正意义上的超声通讯类昆虫。此前学界长期认为，超声通讯类昆虫是为应对蝙蝠捕食而演化形成的。该项研究明确了超声通讯类昆虫的演化起源发生在蝙蝠出现之前，比始新世蝙蝠早出现超过 1 亿年。研究还发现，9 种化石螽斯的鸣叫声频谱范围异常狭窄，即“纯音”（注：指频率成分单一的声波）。这种纯音鸣唱会降低捕食者对声源的定位能力 —— 侏罗纪早期哺乳动物虽具备一定高频听觉，但其中耳结构对纯音的方位分辨能力较弱。

二 | 因此，侏罗纪螽斯演化出纯音鸣唱，被认为是对抗捕食者窃听的关键演化适应。任东团队与英国布里斯托大学曾于 2012 年首次复原了道虎沟地区中侏罗世螽斯物种“悦耳古鸣螽”的鸣叫声。此次新成果不仅首次证实昆虫超声波通讯已在侏罗纪时期出现，还完整重建了史前森林螽斯群落的声景。任东表示，该研究“穿越 1.65 亿年听见侏罗纪时期的虫鸣”，建立起中生代昆虫-哺乳类双向声学选择的新理论，完善了陆地动物听觉与发声协同演化体系。附论文地址：
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2615107123。

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